The Steven Model 311A Shotgun: A Comprehensive Guide for Collectors and Enthusiasts

The Steven Model 311A shotgun is a classic American firearm, known for its reliability, simplicity, and affordability. Produced by Stevens Arms (a division of Savage Arms) for many years, the Model 311A has found its way into the hands of countless hunters, sport shooters, and homeowners seeking a dependable defense weapon. This comprehensive guide delves into the history, features, variations, maintenance, and collectibility of the Steven Model 311A shotgun.

A Brief History of Stevens Arms and the Model 311 Series

Stevens Arms, founded in 1864 by Joshua Stevens, has a long and storied history of producing quality firearms. The company initially focused on single-shot rifles and pistols but later expanded into shotguns. Stevens Arms was acquired by Savage Arms in the early 20th century, and the brand continued to produce firearms under the Savage umbrella.

The Model 311 series of shotguns was introduced as a robust and affordable option for the working class. It was designed to be a no-frills, utilitarian firearm capable of withstanding harsh conditions and heavy use. The Model 311 quickly gained popularity due to its simplicity and reliability, and it became a staple in the American firearms market.

The ‘A’ designation in Model 311A indicates a specific iteration or modification of the original Model 311 design. While the core features remained consistent, subtle changes were made over the years to improve functionality, durability, or manufacturing efficiency. These variations are of interest to collectors and enthusiasts, as they provide insight into the evolution of the Model 311 series.

Key Features and Specifications of the Steven Model 311A

The Steven Model 311A is a side-by-side double-barreled shotgun, meaning it has two barrels mounted horizontally next to each other. This configuration offers several advantages, including quick follow-up shots and the ability to select different chokes for each barrel.

• Action: Break-action, also known as a hinge-action. The barrels pivot downward for loading and unloading.
• Gauge: Typically available in 12 gauge, 16 gauge, 20 gauge, and .410 bore. 12 gauge is the most common.
• Barrel Length: Typically 26, 28, or 30 inches. Shorter barrels offer better maneuverability, while longer barrels provide a longer sight radius and potentially tighter patterns.
• Chokes: Often fixed chokes, meaning the degree of constriction at the muzzle is permanently set. Common choke combinations include Improved Cylinder/Modified, Modified/Full, and Improved Cylinder/Improved Cylinder. Some later models may have interchangeable choke tubes.
• Stock and Forend: Typically made of wood (usually walnut or birch) or synthetic material. Wood stocks may be plain or checkered for improved grip.
• Safety: A manual safety is usually located on the top tang (the rear extension of the receiver).
• Sights: A simple bead sight at the end of the barrel is the most common sighting system.
• Weight: Approximately 6 to 8 pounds, depending on the gauge and barrel length.

Variations and Sub-Models of the Model 311A

While the core design of the Model 311A remained relatively consistent, there were several variations and sub-models produced over the years. These variations often involved changes to the stock material, barrel length, choke configuration, or cosmetic features.

• Stevens 311H: A variation with a different stock design or finish.
• Stevens 311R: May indicate a specific production run or minor modification.
• Store-Brand Models: Stevens produced shotguns for various retailers under different brand names. These models were often cosmetically different but mechanically identical to the standard Model 311A. Examples include models sold by Sears, Western Auto, and Montgomery Ward.

Identifying the specific variation of your Model 311A can be challenging, as Stevens did not always clearly mark the differences. Researching production dates and comparing features to known variations can help narrow down the possibilities.

Maintenance and Care of Your Steven Model 311A

Proper maintenance is essential for ensuring the longevity and reliability of your Steven Model 311A shotgun. Regular cleaning and lubrication will prevent rust, corrosion, and malfunctions.

Cleaning Procedure:

1. Unload the shotgun: Always ensure the shotgun is completely unloaded before performing any maintenance.
2. Disassemble: Break open the action and remove the forend. The barrels can then be separated from the receiver.
3. Clean the barrels: Use a bore brush and cleaning rod to remove powder residue and fouling from the barrels. Solvent may be necessary for stubborn deposits.
4. Clean the receiver: Wipe down the receiver with a clean cloth and solvent to remove dirt and grime. Pay attention to the action and firing pin areas.
5. Clean the forend: Wipe down the forend with a clean cloth and wood cleaner (if applicable).
6. Lubricate: Apply a light coat of gun oil to all metal parts, including the action, firing pins, and hinges.
7. Reassemble: Reassemble the shotgun in the reverse order of disassembly.

Additional Maintenance Tips:

• Check for rust: Regularly inspect the shotgun for signs of rust or corrosion. Address any rust promptly with a rust remover and protective coating.
• Inspect the stock: Check the stock for cracks or damage. Repair any damage promptly to prevent further deterioration.
• Store properly: Store the shotgun in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight. A gun case or cabinet is recommended.
• Professional Cleaning: Consider having your shotgun professionally cleaned and inspected by a gunsmith every few years.

Troubleshooting Common Issues with the Model 311A

While the Steven Model 311A is known for its reliability, certain issues can arise over time. Here are some common problems and potential solutions:

• Failure to fire: This could be caused by a weak firing pin spring, a dirty firing pin channel, or faulty ammunition. Try cleaning the firing pin channel and replacing the firing pin spring. If the problem persists, consult a gunsmith.
• Difficult to open or close: This could be caused by a buildup of dirt and grime in the action, or by worn hinges. Clean and lubricate the action thoroughly. If the problem persists, the hinges may need to be adjusted or replaced by a gunsmith.
• Loose forend: The forend can become loose over time due to wear and tear. Tighten the forend screw or replace the forend if necessary.
• Rust or corrosion: Rust and corrosion can occur if the shotgun is not properly maintained. Remove rust with a rust remover and apply a protective coating. Prevent future rust by cleaning and lubricating the shotgun regularly.

Disclaimer: If you are not comfortable performing repairs on your shotgun, consult a qualified gunsmith. Improper repairs can be dangerous and can damage the firearm.

The Steven Model 311A as a Collectible Firearm

While the Steven Model 311A is not considered a highly valuable collector’s item, it does have appeal to certain collectors and enthusiasts. Factors that influence the collectibility of a Model 311A include:

• Condition: Shotguns in excellent original condition are more desirable than those that have been heavily used or modified.
• Gauge: Less common gauges, such as 16 gauge and .410 bore, may be more valuable than 12 gauge models.
• Rarity: Rare variations or sub-models may command a premium price.
• Originality: Shotguns with original finishes, stocks, and parts are more desirable than those that have been refinished or have replacement parts.
• Provenance: Shotguns with documented history or ownership may be more valuable.

To determine the value of your Steven Model 311A, consult with a reputable gun appraiser or research recent sales of similar shotguns. Online auction sites and gun forums can provide valuable information.

The Enduring Appeal of the Steven Model 311A

The Steven Model 311A shotgun remains a popular choice for hunters, sport shooters, and homeowners seeking a reliable and affordable firearm. Its simple design, robust construction, and versatility have made it a classic American shotgun. Whether you are a seasoned collector or a first-time gun owner, the Model 311A offers a piece of American firearms history that is both practical and enjoyable.

The enduring appeal lies in its simplicity and dependability. It’s a workhorse of a shotgun, built to last and perform reliably under various conditions. This unpretentious functionality, combined with its affordability, cemented its place in American shooting culture.

Finding a Steven Model 311A Today

While no longer in production, Steven Model 311A shotguns are readily available on the used market. Gun shows, pawn shops, and online auction sites are good places to start your search. Before purchasing a used shotgun, be sure to inspect it thoroughly for any signs of damage or wear. Have it checked by a qualified gunsmith if you have any concerns.

Conclusion

The Steven Model 311A is more than just a shotgun; it’s a piece of American history. Its legacy of reliability and affordability continues to resonate with shooters today. Whether you’re looking for a dependable hunting companion, a fun clay shooter, or simply a piece of Americana, the Model 311A is worth considering.